Our accounting policies are as set forth in the notes to the December 31, 2017 consolidated financial statements referred to above.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” followed by a series of related accounting standard updates (collectively referred to as “Topic 606”), which superseded nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. Topic 606 provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. Under the new standard, a five-step process is utilized in order to determine revenue recognition, depicting the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 also requires additional disclosure surrounding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. Topic 606 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). The new standard permits two implementation approaches: the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. The Company adopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach to all contracts as of date of adoption. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially adopting Topic 606 as an increase of approximately $317,000 to the opening balance of accumulated deficit at January 1, 2018. The adoption of Topic 606 did not result in significant changes to our revenues within our Treatment and Services Segments. The cumulative impact to the opening balance of accumulated deficit at January 1, 2018 was primarily driven by changes to the timing of revenue recognition in certain immaterial waste streams within our Treatment Segment. See “Note 3 – Revenue” for additional disclosures related to our revenues under the new standard. The comparative previous period information continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period. We expect the impact of the adoption of Topic 606 to be immaterial to our consolidated financial statements on an on-going basis.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet for the adoption of Topic 606 was as follows (in thousands):

In accordance with Topic 606 requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption of Topic 606 on our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statement of Operations, and Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income was as follows (in thousands):

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force),” which aims to eliminate diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and other Topics. Subsequently, in November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force,” which clarifies the guidance on the cash flow classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Although ASU 2016-18 does not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, it states that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flow. ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 are effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company retrospectively adopted these ASUs effectively January 1, 2018 and has included finite risk sinking funds (included in other long term assets of the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Balance Sheets) of $15,888,000 and $15,642,000 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as previously reported cash, when reconciling the beginning-of- period and end-of-period cash and restricted cash on the accompanying Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company’s finite risk sinking funds represent cash held as collateral under the Company’s financial assurance policy (see “Note 9 – Commitment and Contingencies – Insurance” for a discussion of the Company’s finite risk sinking funds). The adoption of these ASUs by the Company effective January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory,” which eliminates the existing exception in U.S. GAAP prohibiting the recognition of the income tax consequences for intra-entity asset transfers. Under ASU 2016-16, entities are required to recognize the income tax consequences of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 by the Company effective January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisition, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 by the Company effective January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” This ASU provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period. ASU 2017-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 by the Company effective January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards – Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Under ASU 2016-02, an entity will be required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases),” which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. Also, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases – (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides an additional (and optional) transition method by allowing entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. For public companies, these standards are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. These ASUs are effective January 1, 2019 for the Company. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting these standards on our financial statements.

In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This ASU allows for the reclassification of certain income tax effects related to the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation between “Accumulated other comprehensive income” and “Retained earnings.” This ASU relates to the requirement that adjustments to deferred tax liabilities and assets related to a change in tax laws or rates be included in “Income from continuing operations”, even in situations where the related items were originally recognized in “Other comprehensive income” (rather than in “Income from continuing operations”). ASU 2018-02 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this ASU is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the tax laws or rates were recognized. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-09 will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include all share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 specifies that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which the grantor acquires goods and services to be used or consumed in its own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. ASU 2018-07 also clarifies that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC 606. ASU 2018-07 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-09 will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-09, “Codification Improvements.” ASU 2018-09 provides amendments to a wide variety of topics in the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification, which applies to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The transition and effective date guidance are based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 do not require transition guidance and were effective upon issuance of ASU 2018-09. However, many of the amendments in this ASU do have transition guidance with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The guidance applicable immediately did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. The Company does not expect the remaining guidance under this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on its financial statements.